Denver International Airport Baggage Handling System Essay

1. Assess the execution of Denver International Airport Baggage Handling System. What are the main 3 factors that lead to the activities disappointment? Who is most to blame? The DIA robotized stuff taking care of framework had its vulnerabilities and dangers like in some other task yet the difficulties confronted were principally because of the lack of common sense, first of its sort as far as size of the undertaking and underestimation of intricacy of the entire venture. There are numerous issues experienced by the task and the best 3 factors that lead to the venture disappointment were: 1. Extension, time-timetable and spending duties †Planning. The all-inclusive strategy for DIA was created by the different specialists in the individual fields however there was a principal vital blunder as DIA had received the manufacture configuration venture importance fabricating the air terminal while planning it. The airport’s Project Management group had expected that singular carriers would make their own stuff taking care of courses of action. In 1991, the airport’s Project Management group changed their methodology and understood that if an incorporated framework was to be assembled, they expected to assume liability once more from the individual carriers and run the venture themselves. This adjustment in methodology came somewhat more than two years preceding the airport’s arranged opening date and the planning of the choice was in enormous part the trigger behind the over the top timetable weight the task was presented to. BAE and the air terminal Project Management group committed another significant error during the exchanges. In spite of the fact that the carriers were the key partners in the framework they were rejected from the conversations during the venture characterizing and arranging stage. At the point when the partners are at last drawn in, they interest for critical changes on the undertaking that necessary adjustments as the venture came. 2. Administration The task was oversold by political pioneers who utilized the air terminal activity as a stage to resuscitate their economy. Pena won the political race and submitted by the open guarantee. There was an exchange of power to from Pena to Wellington Webb as the new city hall leader, who followed the antecedent administration’s accentuation and furthermore didn’t guarantee the responsibility of the significant transporters. The City of Denver and an expert group shared the administration of the DIA venture. It immediately turned out to be certain that common administration was carrying out copy responsibilities and not proficient. The venture was financed by numerous sources where all needed to have a state, making it progressively increasingly hard to organize and oblige distinctive regulatory, political and social interests. What's more, the administration had no understanding of building mechanized stuff frameworks, yet it accepted the obligations any route without rolling out important improvements in the supervisory crew. The individual groups were working of storehouses and the pioneer neglected to authorize structure for joint effort and achievability of the general undertaking observing. One month after BAE was granted the agreement, the head of DIA venture surrendered . 3. Correspondence challenges. The channels to convey among the city, the venture supervisory group, the advisor, DAE and carriers were rarely very much characterized. Everybody had their own following frameworks for the exercises and there were a few duplicates of everything. They attempted to blend them into one focal database and it took 3 years to get it to work. BAE felt being limited to get to anyplace they needed which was conceded in the underlying exchange and other development works were impeding BAE progress, there were no unmistakable correspondence channel to raise their pickle. The huge number of air terminal elements included expanded the multifaceted nature in successful correspondence and everybody had its one of a kind necessities and course of events to meet. 2. As Gene Di Fonso, what might you have done any other way to stay away from the issues looked toward the finish of the case? In the event that I am Gene Di Fonso, I would utilize the task life cycle as the establishment for dealing with this venture. I will ensure that all the phases of Defining, Planning, Executing and Closing are thoroughly considered and talked about with the specialists altogether. Particularly, when comes to managing the advertised up City of Denver venture which has government, social, monetary impacts and timetable to meet for DBO reimbursements. The item life cycle would have upheld a structure to think fundamentally before tolerating or arranging the agreement. Both the characterizing and the arranging stage would have given a decent evaluation whether to seek after such a complex with constrained timetable despite the fact that the income and BAE picture of doing such huge task is overpowering. The drawback of venture disappointment and failure to finish the undertaking on time would be a hit to BAE picture in the open eye. Before going into the executing stage, both the characterizing and arranging stage would guarantee the agreement involves the terms and conditions and furthermore incorporate all the restrictions, all the specialized prerequisites in the structure foundation expressed with the reasonable course of events and the expectations expressed forthright. Every significant partner must be associated with the venture characterizing stage for genuine input and prerequisites to be plainly expressed that no progressions permitted in the wake of marking of agreement and ought to be enfored Negligibly, every one of these stages must be finished as a task director. The more mind boggling the undertaking, additional time expected to handle vulnerabilities to finish the task and it is likewise important to shape an exceptionally talented venture supervisory crew so as to finish the task effectively. I feel that Di Fonso knowing the tight course of events with heaps of outer impacts, for example, the political, conservative and social components, it would be a best choice to remain engaged as at first arranged and responsibility with United Airlines except if all the authoritative terms decided in the wake of experiencing the point by point characterizing and arranging can be acknowledged by all the partners. 3. By what means ought to Di Fonso react to Mayor Webb’s choice to force a $12,000 every day punishment and the prerequisite that BAE accept the $50 million expense of building a regular pull and-truck things framework? I feel that it isn't completely BAE shortcoming for the disappointment of the computerized stuff framework venture. There were other outer variables included that neutralized the entire task. In this way, Di Fonso isn't completely to blame and should swear by his agreement with the City and arrange the lawful terms. There were arrangements and prerequisites, particularly lasting force necessity, were made unequivocal and moreover unhindered access for BAE hardware and need in any territories to introduce the framework because of tight course of events were concurred and acknowledged by the Denver authorities. Certainly, the agreement was not clung to and Di Fonso has high opportunity to sue the City for the penetrate of agreement.

The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri

The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri Gogol is a second-age settler of an Indian Bengali family. As an America conceived kid, he initially attempted to oppose his parents’ Indian culture. The proof from the novel â€Å"The Namesake† proposes that, there was an adjustment in Gogol, when he later understands his Indian culture. In this exposition, we will attempt to make sense of the occasions that show that Gogol later attempted to amass the Indian culture. We will likewise investigate that what was the effect of these occasions on the story.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Asian outsiders to the remote nations particularly the United States wound up distanced from their own nation. They couldn't acclimatize into their own way of life since they believe that the remote culture doesn't speak to their ideological and social qualities. The kids who are conceived in America would prefer for the most part not to receive the way of life of their folks, as they think US as their own nation. Gogol is one such model. One of the unmistakable instances of Gogol accommodation towards Indian culture is his relinquishment of Maxine. Gogol and Maxine had great time together. Maxine’s guardians, Lydia and Gerald, likewise didn't make any obstacle in their fellowship. They even think Gogol as a US conceived resident. Maxine herself had no issue with Gogol; she even communicates the craving to go India. Gogol’s surrender of Maxine regardless of his father’s passing recommends there was something different that forestalled his relationship with Maxine. Gogol has built up an opposing character like his folks. His character is partitioned, and couldn't distinguish between both the way of life. He ventured out of Maxine’s life for good. As of late, finding Gerald and Lydia in a display, he learned of their daughter’s commitment to another man. (Lahiri 188) The secon d occasion that is most unmistakable is his marriage with a Bengali young lady called Moushumi. He acknowledged his mother’s wish to wed her regardless of his great connection with Maxine. He could have effectively dismissed the engagement proposition, but since of his association with the Indian culture, he had the option to wed her. Third proof of his association with India is his family’s visit visits to India. Indian culture was not something new for Gogol. His family’s visit to India caused him to understand the Indian culture. Gogol’s guardians needed their youngsters to enjoy Indian culture, since they should have the option to understand this culture. Nonetheless, regardless of every one of these things Gogol thinks himself as American.Advertising Looking for article on american writing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He aches for her as his folks have ached, every one of these years, fo r their loved ones in India †without precedent for his life he know this inclination. (Lahiri 117) The outcome for holding his parent’s Indian culture was not constantly ideal for Gogol. His marriage brought about separation and he was unable to keep up relationship with Bengali spouse. Gogol American way of life was common; be that as it may, his acknowledgment of his way of life was a profound bond, which was an association with his family esteems and a memory for his father’s passing. The demise of his dad resuscitates the shrouded love for his subsequent nation. We have found in the novel that Gogol has issues with his own name. He in his initial piece of live moved away from his family, yet later the selections of his old name propose that he was unable to carry on with a real existence disregarding his Parent’s foundation. Lahiri, Jhumpa. The Namesake. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004.

New December Option for Tuck’s Business Bridge Program

Tuck Hall at Dartmouth Tuck Announces New December Business Bridge Program Liberal arts undergrads have been attending the Tuck’s summer Business Bridge program for the last 18 years. Now the Tuck Business Bridge program will be adding a December option for students, starting December 2014. This new session will be open to any undergraduate or graduate student, but it is designed for Dartmouth undergrads and will run December 1-19 and will cover (for the most part) the same topics covered during the four-week summer program (and will therefore be more intensive due to the shorter period of time). The program will introduce students to important business and managerial subjects (corporate finance, managerial economics, financial accounting, marketing, etc.), and will feature team projects, industry explorations, and career coaching. 4,000 undergrads have attended Bridge since its inception in 1997. About 30% of alumni have gone on to attend top b-schools. Application deadlines for December Bridge are June 1, August 1, and October 1. There will be financial aid available for the December program. Learn more about the program here. Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best

The National Association for the Education of Young...

The National Association for the Education of Young Children Standards and Accreditation Criteria was created to enhance the experiences of young children in Early Childhood programs as well encouraging positive outcomes. These standards start from birth through Kindergarten and correlates with developmentally appropriate practice. The standards are separated into 10 Standards according to criteria and specific educational personnel, such as the children, teachers, communities and administrators. The mission of NAEYC is to provide children with the best Early Childhood programs that focus on child development with the right educational resources. Standard 6 focuses on the educational programs employment of teaching staffs that are†¦show more content†¦The teacher created a display of books about leaves in the library center. Children are encouraged to take these books during center time. These books are familiar to the children because the teacher read the books during sto ry time. There are books about the leaves changing color because of the season. Some books are mathematical concepts such as counting leaves. One of the books the teacher had read was called â€Å"Red Leaf, Yellow Leaf† by Lois Ehlert. In the arts and craft center, children can paint a different color leaves they see. There was a display of the different leaves the children have brought from home. In the science center, they can use the magnifying glass to look at the different types of leaves. There is a chart on the wall that the children can look at to see which tree the leaf came from. In the Young Children article. â€Å"Supporting Children’s Learning While Meeting State Standards: Strategies and Suggestions for Pre-K – Grade 3 Teachers in Public Schools Contexts†, it is mentioned that those who are involved in a child’s learning experience, other than the teachers, wanting to make sure the classroom is a learning environment and not just a place where children play. Teachers should provide told that show children learning within the centers around the classroom. The teacher can take photos of children performing activities and the learning standard that is being applied. When parents visit the classroom duringShow MoreRelatedPreschool Education Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagespreschools increased as women were entering the workforce and people believed that children needed initial skills before they attended elementary school. (â€Å"All About Preschools, History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 2). Early childhood education plays a key role in a child’s academic development because he or she learns soft skills, job skills, and develop positive traits. Preschool is not like kindergarten, but instead a stepping-stone that prepares young students for the years of schooling they will have later in life. As more schoolsRead MorePerformance of Sdssu in the Licensure Examination for Teachers4594 Words   |  19 PagesCHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS Introduction High percentage of LET passers contributes greatly to the accreditation of education programs of a certain college or university. This, aside from adding zest within the vicinity of school academe, is the reason why schools offering education courses crave for high percentage of LET passers (Philippine Journal of Education, 2005). Today, prospective teachers must clear a series of hurdles to obtain and maintain a teaching certificate - one ofRead MoreThe Story ECE335 week 2 assignment Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pages January 13, 2014 Story Map Title: The Way I Feel Author: Jannan Cain   For Preschoolers 3-5 years of age, I would use pictures from the book to help children see and associate the actual name with the feeling. I would help them understand the explicit theme of this book is that feelings are neither good nor bad, they just are. Feeling need to be communicated and have names that you can learn to expressRead MoreNAEYC Code Of Ethical Conduct5379 Words   |  24 PagesPOSITION STATEMENT naeyc Code of Ethical Conduct and Statement of Commitment Revised April 2005 A position statement of the National Association for the Education of Young Children Endorsed by the Association for Childhood Education International Adopted by the National Association for Family Child Care Preamble NAEYC recognizes that those who work with young children face many daily decisions that have moral and ethical implications. The NAEYC Code of Ethical Conduct offers guidelines for responsibleRead MoreDisposition Early Childhood Teachers6218 Words   |  25 PagesDisposition Early Childhood Teachers 1 Disposition and Early Childhood Education Preservice Teachers: Where to Start? Ursula Thomas, Ed.D University of West Georgia Ursula Thomas Ed.D is an assistant professor of early childhood education at the University of West Georgia. Her research efforts focus on cultural mediation and teacher belief systems in the context of early childhood and teacher education. Correspondence should be addressed to: Ursula Thomas, University of West Georgia. Dept.Read MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 PagesQUALIFICATION HANDBOOK Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) (3978-51/52/53/54/55/56) December 2011 Version 2.1 (July 2011) Qualification at a glance Subject area City Guilds number Age group approved Entry requirements Assessment Fast track Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) 3978 19+ There are no entry requirements Portfolio of Evidence, PracticalRead MoreStudents Role in National Development9194 Words   |  37 Pages1 Preparing Teachers as Agents of Change The Wheaton College Teacher Education Program Conceptual Framework The Department of Education (the unit charged with teacher preparation) at Wheaton College envisions the teacher as an agent of change. This conceptualization of teaching has a spiritual and historical foundation as well as a theoretical framework. The role of teacher as an agent of change is tied closely to the college’s mission, â€Å"to produce whole and effective Christians to serve ChristRead MoreInclusive Practice (Dtlls)3453 Words   |  14 PagesInclusive Practice Inclusive practice in education moves us away from ‘integration’ and ‘mainstreaming’ of learners, which was mainly concerned with separating those with a disability or ‘special educational needs’ until they had reached the required standard for mainstream education. Inclusion is about the learner’s right to participate and the teacher/ institutions duty to accept the learner as an individual. Inclusion rejects the separation of learners with disabilities from learners withoutRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 PagesCalifornia Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2 CALIFORNIA DEPAR TMENT OF EDUCATION †¢ SACRAMENTO, 2010 California Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2 Visual and Performing Arts Physical Development Health Publishing Information The California Preschool Learning Foundations (Volume 2) was developed by the Child Development Division, California Department of Education. This publication was edited by Faye Ong, working in cooperation with Laura Bridges and DesireeRead MoreInclusion and Diversity5182 Words   |  21 Pageschanging. It has long been expected that teachers should effectively accommodate all children regardless of their needs, with strategies and practice differing within and between settings to ensure that all children learn. However, recently more specific and detailed guidance has emerged that focuses on understanding the range of children’s needs (Hanko 2003). Instead of expecting children to ‘come up to standard’ or otherwise be segregated, an emphasis is now on schools to adapt and be flexible in The National Association For The Education Of Young... Preschools offer a variety of services including social skills, health, nutrition, and aids in developing basic cognitive skills for toddlers up to the age of four years. The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), advocates excellence in early childhood education. According to the NAEYC, extensive research has proven that â€Å"a high quality developmentally appropriate early childhood programs produce short-and-long term positive effects on children’s cognitive and social development.† Preschool education began to become a concern in the early 1800s. In1805, Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, implemented the ‘Pestalozzi Method’ of teaching. He believed that children learn better through activity. His hands-on concept of learning at young ages has continued to be used in modern day preschools (Silber, n.d.). Preschool establishments in America were created to provide care for toddlers of working parents during the Industrial Revolution (Lipoff, 2011). In 1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson worked with a veteran politician, Sargent Shriver, to develop the Head Start program (Biography, 2014). This program was designed to provide a government funded organization which would provide education for tots of low income families. (History, 2015). Public and private preschools continue to thrive in schools all over the world today. Preschool teachers lay the educational foundation which prepares children to advance successfully in higher grade levels. The articleShow Mor eRelatedThe National Association For The Education Of Young Children856 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Bredekamp (2014, p. 19), â€Å"growing attention to early education primarily results from impressive research demonstrating its effectiveness in improving outcomes for children†. Throughout this research, the organization â€Å"National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)†, has established a set of standards for early childhood educational programs (Bredekamp, 2014, p. 5). These standards were created specifically to help families determine which preschool, kindergartenRead MoreThe National Association For The Education Of Young Children885 Words   |  4 PagesThe 2010 National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Initial and Advanced Standards for Early Childhood Professional Preparation Programs provides standards that set guidelines for what and how early childhood professionals prepare themselves to be efficient educ ators and caregivers. Professional development tools and strategies are critical assets for providing high quality early childhood education and care that meets the needs and interest of all learners. Today’s early childhoodRead MoreThe National Association For The Education Of Young Children2841 Words   |  12 Pages Introduction The NAEYC (National Association for the Education of Young Children)? ?recommends that in any given situation, a professional judgment by the teacher is required to determine if a specific use of technology is age appropriate, individually appropriate, and culturally appropriate (2016). However, research in the field suggests that teachers are not always in agreement as to what is developmentally appropriate. ?Technology use is becoming common among California schoolsRead MoreThe National Association for the Education of Young Children Standards and Accreditation Criteria704 Words   |  3 PagesThe National Association for the Education of Young Children Standards and Accreditation Criteria was created to enhance the experiences of young children in Early Childhood programs as well encouraging positive outcomes. These standards start from birth through Kindergarten and correlates with developmentally appropriate practice. The standards are separated into 10 Standards according to criteria and specific educational personnel, such as the children, teachers, communities and administratorsRead MoreThe National Council Of Teachers Of Mathematics ( Nctm ) And National Association For The Education Of Young Children860 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: This article focuses on the positions of both the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) and the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) stating that having high quality, challenging and accessible math education is essential for 3-6 years olds, creating a promising future for students. Within their daily classroom setting, there needs to be a research based curriculum that includes policies, organized support and appropriate resources. 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They all are curriculum based and feel that it should be age- appropriate. They all link back to goals that link to the curriculum. Last but not least they have similarities when it comes to assessing the programs. Standardize testing The NAECYRead MoreDevelopment Of Quality Literacy Programs For Children And Parents1091 Words   |  5 Pagesstart in life. Promoting an understanding about key issues that affect young children and their families. Key issues include infant mental health, child care, early language and literacy development, early intervention and the impact culture has on early childhood development (About Us, 2016). National Center for Family Literacy focuses on the development of quality literacy programs for children and parents. Literacy and education is advanced through this organization by developing, implementing, andRead MoreKeep Music Education in Schools Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesDue to the declining economy, school boards around the country have decided to cut funding to the music education programs. It is necessary to keep music education in the American school system because it enhances the development of skills that children will use for the rest of their lives. Musical development can start as early as before birth. Hearing is the first sense that a baby acquires and it is acquired in utero (McCutcheon 1). The first sounds that a baby hears are the mother’s voice andRead More I Teach Therefore I Can Essay examples1478 Words   |  6 PagesWorkforce Investment Act of 1998 defines literacy as â€Å"an individual’s ability to read, write, speak in English, compute and solve problems at levels of proficiency necessary to function on the job, in the family of the individual and in society.† (National Institute for Literacy). As a teacher, this definition is two-fold as it is the teacher’s responsibility to be literate in the profession as well as prepare his/her students to be literate in their own future professions and society.

The Role Of Financial Elder Abuse Has Become An Epidemic

Financial elder abuse has become an epidemic because it is a crime that lives in the shadows, and as long as it remains there, the list of victims is sure to grow. Approximately 12% of the cases reported to the National Center on Elder Abuse relate to finances, and the cost to the elderly and vulnerable victim averages $30,000. It is impossible to get accurate numbers on the radically underreported crime since the victims feels shame or are afraid of losing autonomy. Some estimates put the rate of reporting at just 1 in 44 cases of financial fraud. This is not a problem which has evaded notice by the government. Most states have initiated laws to protect the senior citizen population, which range from background check requirements for prospective elder care workers to additional penalty assessments for crimes committed against persons over 62 year old. On the federal level most acts are targeted at sponsoring organizations that respond to crimes against the elderly. The Elder J ustice Act coordinates federal elder abuse detection and prevention programs and the Older American Act provides funding for the National Center on Elder Abuse. Although it is a positive sign that the government has in general recognized or acknowledged the issue, it does not seem that these actions have done very much to slow down this abusive trend. One reason why the problem continues is because defrauding the elderly appears to be a relatively easy and riskless crime to commit and whenShow MoreRelatedThe Rising Epidemic Of Elder Abuse1457 Words   |  6 PagesI am intending on researching the rising epidemic of elder abuse and why and how it happens. I hypothesize that the subject generally is unheard of and goes unnoticed for many people. Since working and caring for the elderly is a part of the medical field, my primary audience would be health care professionals who work in elder facilities as well as family members who have taken on the role as care giver. These individua ls should be interested in the topic because chances are they are passionateRead MoreAdvertisers Targeting Children in Asia1291 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluenced the lives and wellness of children, according to studies. This kind of advertising poses a menace to children, and yet food companies continue to present these graphics extensively and purposely. Overweight and corpulency have reached epidemic proportions in many Asia n countries (Ramachandran, 2010). Because of these trouble these countries also cladding a grave burden of obesity-related upset such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases, which will increase at a youngerRead MorePhysical Dominance As An Expression Of Social Power Essay2026 Words   |  9 Pagesschool leaders showed dominance through physical abuse in addition to the psychological indoctrination. â€Å"Sexual, physical, and emotional violence was rampant. Even when teachers were charged with abuse, boarding schools refused to investigateâ €  (Smith, Boarding 91). The United States has been reluctant to address the issues that were present in the boarding schools, and continue to affect Native American culture. â€Å"Despite the epidemic of sexual abuse in boarding schools, the Bureau of Indian AffairsRead MoreAlcoholism : Native American Youth2979 Words   |  12 PagesAlcoholism: Native American Youth Alcoholism is a prevalent social epidemic for Native Americans, especially among youth between the ages of 13 to 18 that reside on the reservations. Alcoholism and chronic substance abuse among Native America youth is increasing at a rapid rate in the past few years. Alcoholism is risk of substance abuse or dependence is consistently elevated in adolescents who had been victims of assault or who had witnessed violence (Kilpatrick, Acierno, Saunders, Resnick, BestRead MoreThe Ethical Codes Of Healthcare Professions1797 Words   |  8 Pagespower differential often instigate the likelihood of exploitation. †¢ For instance, on March 9th, 2012, Rebecca Lean Smith, 39, returned to El Dorado County from her Louisiana home and negotiated a plea with California s attorney general over her role leading up to the 2008 death of Johnnie Esco of Cameron Park. The elderly woman, whose devoted husband and family members visited her daily, deteriorated rapidly during her 13-day stay at the El Dorado Care Center in Placerville, court documents showRead MoreThe War Of Every Man1798 Words   |  8 Pagesworks together and depend entirely on each other. On the other hand, huge change appeared in our way of living. The age we are entering, in which we exist apart, is unlike any that has passed before. Loneliness has become an epidemic among young adults and spared out in elders’ everyday life where social isolation has become a cause of early death because we cannot cope alone. Our times have faced many structural transformations, mainly we developed a life denying ideology which enforces and celebratesRead MoreOlder Clients Essay8017 Words   |  33 Pagestime, growth in the population of traditional workforce age – 15 to 64 – is expected to slow to almost zero. This will have a profound effect on the economy and, potentially, on our living standards. The recent stagnation of the Japanese economy has been at least partly driven by its rapidly ageing population, and provides a warning to Australia to start preparing for these issues now. Over time, the ageing of our population will result in a greater demand for Age Pensions and health and agedRead More Drug Abuse Among American Teenagers Essay7972 Words   |  32 PagesDrug Abuse Among American Teenagers Drug abuse in America is a major problem. Especially among teenagers. Drugs have hurt the lives of nearly 40 percent of all teenagers in America. Either with health problems, DWIs, highway crashes, arrests, impaired school and job performance. These drugs that teenagers use range from Alcohol, LSD, Marijuana, and even Cigarettes. Most of the teenagers that are involved in drug abuse have either, broken families, parents that are drug abusers, a unstable environmentRead MoreStereotypes Of Native American Society Essay2376 Words   |  10 PagesNative American people have a unique struggle in society. This stems from cultural epidemics like drug addiction, alcoholism, poverty, obesity, and rampant suicide, but also systemic racism and cultural lag (Flores 1999; Greenfield, Cocking 2014; Sarche, Spicer 2008;). This is not a critique of culture, just an observation of the condition of the families I have helped serve over the course of this internship. To be â€Å"Native† carries with it a slew of stereotypical representations (Gay 2002; MihesuahRead MoreChild Marriage in India4546 Words   |  19 Pageshealth and well being of the individual (Bruce, 2007). In many ways, the social issues that emerge from the practice of child marriage also serve to reinforce it—creating a vicious cycle. This cyclical pattern is just one reason why the practice has yet to be eradicated despite international pressure and legal interventions. Each of the problems that informs child marriage intersects in complex ways and the result is an incessant and engrossing problem that impacts all aspects of the social

Polygamy Ethics and Life free essay sample

In todays society the idea of Polygamy is looked down upon. Polygamy is the act when a person has one or more spouses. Three objections that might be made are; first, Bentham’s utilitarian view, which says all people should maximize good/ pleasures, second, based on the Intuitionism view that says there is no â€Å"one† principle, and third, Russell’s utilitarian view that polygamy is nature. In this paper I will use a Virtue Ethics theory to defend the view that Polygamy is morally impermissible because it shows bad character. Polygamy is an issue in today’s societies where people are married too more than one person. In most cases polygamist relationships usually take place under one household. Meaning Polygamists usually live in the same house. Polygamist relationships are formed for a variety of different reasons whether it be economic religious or for satisfaction. From the religious aspect many people partake in polygamy because they want to follow their anscestors they believe that god wanted them to practice it and it would bring them closer to God. Polygamy was an accepted and approved practice in the Old Testament era. But now a days it is a practice that is looked upon in many different ways throughout the world. As of today, over fifty countries have legalized polygamy. However, more importantly, here in the United States we have deemed polygamy illegal. Having multiple marriages is not only unhealthy, but they are unquestionably not what marriages were intended to be. The United States believes marriage should be sanctioned between two people. Aristotle believes that in life a person should have intrinsic happiness called eudaimonia, which is lifelong flourishing happiness. Having more than one spouse would mean that they are decreasing happiness in life. Polygamy could be considered not virtuous because when a person is married to more than one person, it goes to show how they are mistreated in the relationship. Having more than one wife means your not giving one person your undivided attention, which is breaking marriage vows because your supposed to be dedicated to that one person. Marriage should be the happiest part of life, being unfaithful to one person would violate the duties of  happiness in life. Once a person says there wedding vows, they are agreeing to be faithful to their spouse, having more than one marriage means they are causing more harm than good. The theory Aristotle believes is, a person has to perform virtuous acts until you become a virtuous person, morally and intellectually. He uses practical wisdom, which determines the virtuous things to do. Virtue ethics is based around the idea of what right thing to do, at the right times, in the right way, and for the right reasons. Having more than one spouse in any situation will never be the right thing to do, especially since we should be virtuous people. Aristotle’s theory supports the fact that Polygamy is impermissible because he says virtue ethics are based on character. Having a physical marriage with more than one person would imply in todays that one has a poor character and will never have one final good in life. Scruton also agrees by saying that living well includes having the capacity to love. By loving someone we become virtuous and develop good habits. Scruton says that we should form virtuous habits, by channeling our desires to promote capacity for love, not to stunt it. By achieving this body and mind is united. Not only does it unite the body and mind, it also unites it us personally and sexually. Uniting the body and mind with your spouse strengthens character, and having a good character is our duty according to virtue ethics. The first objection against polygamy being impermissible would be from Russell. His philosophic objection would be that he believes that polygamy is nature and it’s the natural thing to do in life. He thinks that traditional sexual morality is outdated and shouldn’t be used in today’s societies. Russell has four theories that he believes in, the first one being, no babies before twenty. Second, experience sex before marriage, which gives a good understanding of the difference between lust and love. Third, keep money out of sex. Fourth, divorce with a child should be mutual consent, without a child it’s based on the person. As long as you don’t break those guidelines according to Russell its alright to be in a polygamist relationship. Scruton would respond to Russell’s theory by saying that love is a virtue and people should develop virtuous habits. Marriage with more than one person would not be forming virtuous habits. He says that living well in life includes the capacity to have flourishing love, both erotic and fidelity. Scruton has three theories that he believes every person in life should do in order to have love. The first one is to form a virtuous habit, an example would be loving one person. Second, channeling our desires a certain way. Third, to promote capacity for love, not stunt it. He would object to Russell’s theory because uniting the body and mind, personally and sexually, strengthens character. Having a good character in life is the virtuous thing to do. Based on Scruton’s three theory’s I would say that Russell’s objections are invalid because they don’t show flourishing love throughout one’s life. The second objection would be a Utilitarian point of view. Bentham’s theory is that in life we should maximize good/ pleasures for all people, and minimize pain. He believes that all people are considered equally, not one person is held up higher than another one. Bentham would say that marriage too more than one person would be put into three categories. The first one would be the intensity or duration of the marriage to each individual person, it would be the initial pleasures of the marriages. Second, the purity of the marriages would be the follow up pleasures. Third, to what extent the marriages affected multiple people. Aristotle’s virtue ethics theory against Bentham utilitarian theory would be we have functions as humans. In life, we should use reason to determine the activity of the soul, in accordance with a virtuous reason. Aristotle says that we need to restrict our actions for our own good, so by being faithful to one spouse we are showing good character in life. The third objection would be using the Intuitionism theory that there is no â€Å"one† principle in life. Intuitionists believe that we have morally significant relationships, which could be with more than one person. They base decisions in life off of the principles of prima facie duties vs. absolute duties. In life they believe that we develop intuition in the sense that we reflect on prima facie duties, which come to a â€Å"considered opinion† on what to do. Polygamist relationships don’t violate the duties of intuitionism because intuitionists believe free will is what they are given in life. They don’t believe that they have to follow the norm of society, an example would be them marrying more than one spouse. Polygamy to them would be considered the right thing to do since its there personal opinions. There is no right or wrong answer in Intuitionism, they don’t have guidelines that say certain principles in life are acceptable and aren’t acceptable. To them there is no one right way in life. If a person wants more than one spouse than there’s nothing stopping them. Virtue ethics believes the exact opposite in the way that, they say it’s morally impermissible to have more than one spouse. Virtue ethics is all based on character, and having more than one marriage doesn’t say very good things about your character. Love is a virtue that should be shared between two people according to Scruton. Life should be about strengthening your character and a good way to do that is to have a faithful marriage with only one person. Polygamy, the act in which a marriage includes more than two partners, is impermissible because it does not promote having a good character. In life we should ask ourselves two questions, the first being what should we do, the answer is to have good character. The second, what kind of person should we be, a person with quality characteristics. According to virtue ethics having a good character with good virtues is the most important thing in life. The objections against Polygamy being impermissible only make the subject stronger. The objections against these theories are that we should have a good character, and having a good character means a person living a life full of intrinsic good. However, people can debate other reasons why polygamy is good, like I said earlier, people would say it’s the more economical practice. Religious people would argue the fact that polygamy is the right thing to do, because they base their opinions on their ancestors. Another theory virtue ethics uses, is living well includes having the capacity to have flourishing love. Virtuous love with one person, develops virtuous habits with that one single person, not multiple people.

Stone Age Artists Essay Example For Students

Stone Age Artists Essay Stone Age artists created a variety of figurative and abstract images. The naturalistic picture mostly depicted hunting scenes, or arrangements of animals usually bison, horses, reindeer, cattle, aurochs and mammoths, although a wide variety of other creatures were depicted, such as: lions, musk ox, ass, saga, chamois, wolf , fox, hare, otter, hyena, seals, fish, reptiles, birds and other creatures also appear. Abstract imagery was also common. Paleolithic murals frequently contain a variety tot dots, lines, signs and symbols (demimondes), together with a mixture of isomorphism, anthropomorphic and polymorph The most common themes in cave paintings are large wild animals and racings of human hands as well as abstract patterns called finger flutings, Drawing of humans were rare and usually schematic rather than the more naturalistic animal subjects, One explanation for this is that that realistically painting the human form was forbidden by a powerful taboo. We will write a custom essay on Stone Age Artists specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now What rock art means and why the ancients practiced it has been a bane of contention amongst scholars since the phenomena started to be studies. Some have argued that such images are records of hunts that served not only to inventory the amount Of animals killed as future references for animal migrating patterns. Henry Bureau interpreted the paintings as being hunting magic, meant to increase the number of animals. As there are some clay sculptures that seem to have been the targets Of spears, this may be true, but does not explain the pictures Of predators such as the lion or the bear. An alternative theory. Developed by David Lewis- Williams and broadly based on ethnographic studies of contemporary hunter. Gatherer societies, is that the paintings were made by Crop-Mignon shamans. The shaman would retreat into darkness of the caves, enter into a trance state ND then paint images of their visions, perhaps with some notion of drawing power out of the cave walls themselves. This goes some way toward explaining the remoteness of some of the paintings (which occur in deep or small caves) and the variety of subject matter (from prey animals to predators and human hand-prints), gut this theory, without proofs, is thrown back by the specialists tot prehistory and shamanism. R. Dale Guthrie has studies not only the most artistic and publicized paintings but also a variety lower quality art and figurines, and he identifies a wide range of skill and ages among the artist. He also points UT that the main theme in the paintings and other artifacts (powerful beast, risky hunting scenes and the representation of oven in the Venus figurines) are to be expected in the fantasies of adolescent males, who made a big part of human population at the time. However in analyzing hand-prints and stencils in French and Spanish caves, Dean Snow Of Pennsylvania State University has shown that proportion of them including those around the spotted horses in Peach Merle, were Of female hands. We dont know exactly. As With all prehistory, it is impossible to be certain because of the relative lack of material evidence and the many pitfalls associated With trying to understand the prehistoric mindset. Initially, most pale anthropologists thought that this type of ancient art was purely decorative. However, detailed archeological evidence shows that painted caves were only temporarily inhabited by upper Paleolithic man and their presence was purely associated with cave art activities. As a result, it is now thought cave painting was created by shamans for ceremonial reasons-perhaps in connection with social, supernatural or religious rituals. There is no clear pattern in the iconography used, so at present most theories s to the precise meaning or function and charcoal drawings. Of Stone Age cave paintings are mere guess work. Cave paintings are a form of Rock art, falling under the category of pictograph, or the application of pigment to a rock surface. .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .postImageUrl , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:hover , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:visited , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:active { border:0!important; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:active , .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770 .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u440a1f1a56d525bfb5f11560cdbd5770:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leonardo Da Vinci: Science and Paintings EssaySurvival of ancient Gave paintings is attributable to use of mineral pigments, The best preserved pictograph is found under sheltering overhangs and in caves. The simplest pictograph are wet clay finger paintings and charcoal drawings. To produce crayons or paints first the minerals had to be finely ground and combined with binding materials. Stone Age painters employed several different combinations of materials to make colored paints. Clay ochre provided three basic colors: numerous Varieties Of red, plus yellow and brown. Poor black color artist used either manganese dioxide or charcoal. After grinding the pigments to fine powder, artists mixed the powder With (typically high in calcium carbonate) animal fats, vegetable juices, blood and urine to help stick to the rock surface. They also used extenders like biotic and feldspar, or ground quartz and calcium phosphate (obtained from crushed. Heated animal bone). Using sea- shells as paint containers and working by candlelight, Stone Age artist employed a wide variety of painting methods. Initially, they painted with their fingers; before switching to lumpy pigment crayons, pads of moss, or brushes made from of animal hair or vegetable fiber. They even employed spray painting techniques using reed or specially hollowed bones. Each era introduced new cave painting methods, and caves decorated over many generations exhibit numerous styles at Lascar for instance archaeologists have identified over a dozen different painting styles.

Cutlers in Colonial America essays

Cutlers in Colonial America essays In the tough times of the eighteenth century, people had plenty of work to do. However, if you lived in eighteenth century America, you had a lot of work to do. Most raw materials and supplies came only on ships and were heavily taxed. Everyone in their community did their share of work in order to stay alive. Colonial trade was important in the economics of the colonies, and Americans saw many different trades in their communities. One of those trades, cutlery, was especially important. Today, cutlery means utensils or tools for eating, but back then, cutlery meant a whole different type of thing. Since most foods were fingerfoods at that time, cutlers saw little use in making forks and spoons. Instead, they forged knives, ax blades, swords, lances, and things of that sort. They even made nail clippers and two-in-one blades! However, to make those things, you need skill and experience in the trade. Most cutlers got those skills from being an apprentice, or working at a trade without pay to see how a job gets done. In eighteenth century New England, living in cities was rough, especially during the revolutionary war. Families usually contained four or more children, and money was tough to earn. People saw opportunity in different trades, and according to their interest in them and the job's difficulty, chose the one they thought would be the best for themselves and their family. People paid for food, clothing, tools, and supplies by exchanging their items for the things they wanted. If one person did not want the thing that a person offered, they would have to find another supplier. At the present time, people exchange money for goods and services, unlike the goods and services offered for them back in the day, although sometimes, it still happens. To get supplies for a trade was tough in the beginning. For example, cutlers either had to mine their own iron and coal or purchase them from Europe. Mini ...

CRITICAL ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CRITICAL ANALYSIS - Essay Example Although, microscopic urine sediment analysis is generally regarded as the gold standard for urinalysis, its flaws are also acknowledged. Besides the problem with interobserver variability and imprecision, this method is also labour intensive and very time consuming (Langlois et al., 1999). While the culture method is the preferred method of detecting and quantifying bacteria in urine (Graham and Galloway, 2001), non-culture tests include Gram staining of uncentrifuged urine specimens, Gram staining of centrifuged specimens, or direct observation of bacteria in urine specimens, Nitrite test, leukocyte esterase tests etc. Suprapubic aspiration is generally considered the best method to avoid contamination of specimen, however, this method is rarely used because it is invasive and thus uncomfortable and dangerous (Wilson and Loretta, 2004). Semi-automatic equipments like the Yellow IRIS, followed by the UA-1000 and UA-2000 (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan) were early attempts at automation of urine analysis. With the Yellow IRIS, precision and sensitivity is reported to be considerably better as compared to visual microscopy, especially at the lower concentration range. The Yellow IRIS device after removing mucus strands from native urine, adds a dye and the stained urine is passed through an optical pathway. A strobe lamp interrupts the motion of the fluid and the particles in it are captured on a colour video-camera. The resulting images of the particles are differentiated with respect to their lengthwise dimensions and then presented for validation by a trained analyst. UA-1000 and UA-2000 follow the same principle, but provide better image resolution compared with the Yellow IRIS because the particles are captured by a colour CCD camera Several studies evaluating and/or validating these automated urine examination methods have been carried out and published. From its findings, a few authors concluded that though the UF-100 might not be seen as a

Cyber Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cyber Crimes - Essay Example The first of these that will be discussed is that of piracy. Although piracy has traditionally been viewed as a problem that is specific to a young generation of music down loaders and video game players, the fact of the matter is that the market for software, video, music, and data piracy has exploded within recent years and is a multi-billion dollar a year loss for the industries whose intellectual rights are being infringed upon. Moreover, if the firm in question is one that distributes or creates a software product, their overall revenues are in dire danger of being lowered as a result of the actions of pirates. Likewise, the firm must be aware of the fact that software piracy usually takes place from within first as an unscrupulous employee having access to the information in question usually is responsible for taking this information home on their own and uploading it to any number of a host of sites as a means of beginning the snow-ball effect of data piracy. As such, one of t he ways in which a firm can seek to ameliorate the way in which it is exposed to the risk of software piracy is to ensure that all data movements within the firm are well tracked as well as having a robust legal department that operates in close concert with the human resources department to ensure that limited numbers of the employees have access to the finished product and those that do are well accounted for and have been explained to the ramifications, both ethical and criminal, with relation to stealing the company’s product. Secondly, if the firm itself is not one that relies on the development of software as a means to earn its revenues, the firm will need to be responsible for the ways in which its employees download and utilize the data that they might find on the internet. For this reason, a robust internet usage policy must be delineated to the employees upon their employment and watch groups should be established to ensure that compliance is met at every step of t he process. The second issue that relates to cyber crimes is that of cyber terrorism. Although this is of course a lower level incidence than the one that has been thus far mentioned, it is of primary importance not only to governmental instruments but to the very foundations of a nation’s economy. Therefore, the threat of cyber terrorism can include any and all firms that deal with an entire litany of different industries and/or businesses. In order to guard against the threat of cyber terrorism, it should be the goal of the firms in question to seek to review their security policies in dept on a quarterly and yearly basis as a means of ensuring that key oversights are addressed and no blatant flaws are exhibited in their systems. Even though it is never possible to ensure that a given firm will be 100% secure from cyber terrorism, the engagement of key assets to review the security procedures is integral in protecting the firm from such an eventuality. Finally, this analysi s will discuss the threat of fraud. This is perhaps the easiest of the three to seek to prevent as it involves the instruction of shareholders with regards to how to interpret threats that present themselves on a daily basis. Furthermore, with respect to fraud, this is almost always the type of situation in which employee lack of knowledge

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 30

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example Conversely, this statement show that the current level of skills have been rendered ineffective in managing chronic illnesses and managing available resources. Therefore, nurses with a BSN a better positioned to manage resources and as well address chronic illnesses due to their high level of skills and knowledge. Kimberly, I concur with your discussion that the use of social media is a current trend in healthcare. Over the recent past, there has been colossal advancements in the field of technology in particular the use of the internet and social media. In reference to your discussion, I agree that social media has made it easier for patients to search for physicians of their choice and access information and current research relating to their medical problem. To the organization, I concur that organizations are able to share information in particular their vision, mission, and philosophies with potential clients at no extra costs. It is worth noting the current trend relating to rising costs of care as postulated by Ursell (2011). The ability of a healthcare organization to share information such as vision and mission at no extra cost is also of benefit to the clients as no extra charges will be added on the cost of care to cover for the extra

Factors that Influece a Healthy Heart Essay -- Exercise, Health, Lifest

Healthy Hearts 1. Different ways in which exercise keeps your Heart Healthy. Cardiovascular System (preventing Angina and Cardiovascular diseases) Citizens who regularly exercise, significantly have less cardiovascular diseases such as Angina (which described in in image 1a is caused due poor blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart.) lowering their risk of heart attacks, strokes, and impotence. Regular exercise lowers blood pressure, raises the level of protective high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, stimulates weight loss, decreases inflammation and helps prevent blood clots. The Harvard Alumni Study found that the incidence of heart attack was proportionate to the amount of exercise performed. Men exercising less than 2,000 kcal a week had 64% higher risk of heart attack than those who exercised at higher rates. Another study showed that a three-month period of intense physical activity, can alternatively increase HDL cholesterol as much as 33% and decrease in LDL cholesterol as much as 9% reducing chances of Cardiovascular diseases. Even Non-intense exercises as much as 20 minutes of walking reduces 19% of such chances. b. Deduction in the Heart Rate (increase in lifespan) The average resting heart rate for an normal adult ranges between 60 to 100 beats per minute (The table below describes the pulse rates for different age groups). Generally, a lower heart rate implies a more efficient heart function and a better cardiovascular system. For example, a well-trained athlete might have a normal resting heart rate as low as 40 beats per minute. Researchers have also found that men with fast resting heart rates are more likely to develop high blood pressure symptoms than those with slower rates. Some sympto... ... - Heart & Circulatory System. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. . 3. http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/long-work-hours-extra-weight-women-article-1.1112902 Images- "How Angina Pectoris Occurs?" Health Giants RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. . 2. Vasagar, Jeevan, and Martin Williams. "Teachers Warned over Befriending Pupils on Facebook." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. . 3. "Running in Cork, Ireland." : Running Marathons May Cause Damage to Your Heart. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. .

Employee Motivation Essay

First and foremost, I want to thank , who has been my advisor and mentor throughout my studies, and served as the chair of my dissertation committee. Without sir’s patient criticism, continual support, effective teaching, and constant challenge and encouragement to give my very best efforts to my undertakings, I would not have learned what I needed to nor been prepared to complete this dissertation and future work. Much of what I have learned about the craft of research has come from Sir, and I am forever grateful for the opportunity to have studied under his guidance. I also want to give thanks to my who has contributed immensely to my professional and personal development over the past two years. I would not have made it through this research without the support, encouragement, teaching, and friendship of fellow students in the program. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation titled â€Å"EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION IN HYDRABAD INDUSTRY LTD† submitted by embodies the bonafied work done by her under supervision of I also declare that this dissertation is a result of her effort and no part of this research has been published earlier or been submitted as a project by her for any degree or diploma for any institute or university. Today HIL is a multi product, multi locational organization with a formidable network of branches, depots, stockiest and personnel spread all over India. HIL being backed by the organizational and technical expertise of the Birlas, also has a Board of directors comprising experienced personnel from Business, Finance and Industry. The Board is chaired by Mr. C. K. Birla. HIL’s product range include Fibre Cement roofing sheets in the name of CHARMINAR and MALABAR, Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks and Panels called AEROCON, Calcium Silicate insulation product called HYSIL, Jointing material for Gaskets and Plant and machinery for these products. The Hyderabad industries LIMITED, Thrissur is situated 10 km away from the Thrissur town. The exact place where the company is situated is Athani, which is an industrial area. This company was incorporated in the year 1985 and commenced production in 1986 in the name as MALABAR BUILDING PRODUCTS, which was a joint venture by HIL and KSIDC (Kerala State Industries Development Corporation. Later in the year 2005 April the company was merged with the HIL completely from the KSIDC. And in the same year the company changed its name to HYDRABAD INDUSTRIES LIMITED. About 200 employees are working in HIL, Thrissur as a whole. In that 110 employees are working in plant, 72 are office staffs and 18 are bargaining staffs. The plant is working for 24 hours and there are three shifts per day. The whole plant is completely automated. The HIL Thrissur plant is producing only the AC roofing sheets in the name of CHARMINAR. Charminar AC Roofing Sheets have been the No. 1 roofing sheets of choice for more than 50 years now, providing roofing to millions of low cost houses and to industries, commercial businesses and for several public utilities. Charminar sheets are widely known for their superior quality and durability. The raw materials used in the production process are Fibre, fly ash, rag pulp and cement. Among these raw materials Fibre is importing from Brazil and Canada and cement is mainly bought from ACC cements. The Company mainly sells their products through dealers who are selected by the company. The finished products are mainly sold in the south India, especially in Tamil Nadu. The company has a visionary management and motivated team of dynamic workers sharing common vision and working in the union. The company is moving ahead with to innovate and provide excellent production. HIL is providing to have an operational efficiency compactable with global standards. As a socially organization, it has contributed significantly towards eco-friendliness and various social causes. The company has involved in conducting a lot of community welfare programme. In this year the company conducted a welfare programme named ‘SOUHRUTHAM 2008’. Mission and Vision of Hyderabad Industries Limited To maintain leadership in Fibre cement products industry and develop complementary products and services to strengthen the core business of building products. †¢ Fulfilment of market needs with cost effective solutions for enduring and enhanced customer satisfaction. †¢ Striving for excellence in all the area of company’s operation. †¢ Innovative solutions to create world class products and services fostering collective wisdom and commitment of employees to create corporate and group culture and values which they are proud to be part of. †¢ Maintain equitable balance between development and environmental needs of the society. Quality Policy Provide products and services that adequately and consistently meet specified and identified needs of customers by ? Continues upgrade of product value and by ? Building customer responsive environment ? In making and deliverance of the products and services Research & Development. Research and Development Centre of  Hyderabad Industries Limited is fully equipped with latest state-of-art technology, equipment and test facilities including Pilot Plants situated in ultra modern spacious building covering an area of about 11000 sft of main Building and about 16000 sft area of Pilot Plant. HIL, R & D centre is recognized by Department of Science and Technology Government of India. HIL have been conferred with the DSIR National Award for R & D efforts in industry for the year 2000 in the area of new materials for â€Å"AEROCON INSTA PANEL† Dedicated team of scientists and engineers are constantly working for product up gradation, optimum utilization of raw materials, development of substitute materials, new products and new product applications, saving substantial amount of foreign exchange for the country. The R & D Division has contributed in the following specific areas: †¢ Identification and development of environment friendly building products with emerging market needs. †¢ Emphasis on process optimization, cost reduction and development of value added products. †¢ Effective utilization of energy, water and waste material. †¢ Absorption of imported technical know-how. †¢ Development of new products i. e. Aerocon Insta – Panels, Access Flooring system, pressed sheets, fire protection boards, Light weight AAC Blocks, no n-asbestos jointing material for automobile industry etc. Quality Policy Provide products and services that adequately and consistently meet specified and identified needs of customers by ? Continues upgrade of product value and by ? Building customer responsive environment ? In making and deliverance of the products and services Philosophy HYDERABAD INDUSTRIES LIMITED is committed to good Corporate Governance. The Company has been following good principles of business over the years by following all the laws and regulations of the land with an emphasis on accountability, trusteeship, and integrity. It is our responsibility to ensure that the organization is managed in a manner that protects and furthers the interests of our stakeholders. INDUSTRIAL PROFILE Asbestos  is a group of  minerals  with long, thin fibrous  crystals. The word â€Å"asbestos† is derived from a  Greek  adjective meaning inextinguishable. The  Greeks  termed asbestos the â€Å"miracle mineral† because of its soft and pliant properties, as well as its ability to withstand heat. Asbestos became increasingly popular among manufacturers and builders in the late 19th century due to its resistance to heat, electricity and chemical damage, its sound absorption and tensile strength. When asbestos is used for its resistance to fire or heat, the fibers are often mixed with cement  or woven into fabric or mats. Asbestos was used in some products for its heat resistance, and in the past was used on electric oven and hotplate wiring for its  electrical insulation  at elevated temperature, and in buildings for its  flame-retardant  and insulating properties,  tensile strength, flexibility, and resistance to chemicals. The main product ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEET is primarily a cement based product were about 10-15% asbestos fiber is needed to reinforce the cement is weather proof, even through it absorbs moisture, the water will not pass through the product. Asbestos cement is used for corrugated sheets, slates, flat sheet for animal pens, cladding molded fitting, water system rain water gutters, down pipes, under ground pipes and sewer pipes, skills, chalkboards. Most of the asbestos consumed globally is chrysolite. Russia, Kazakhstan is major producers of asbestos. The studies across the globe had not found any increased risk of carrier to the workers even at the levels of fiber/cubic centimeter, whereas the Indian chrysolite cement industry works well bellow 0. 5 fiber/cubic centimeter. Historic usage Asbestos was named by the ancient Greeks who also recognized certain hazards of the material. The Greek geographer  Strabo  and the Roman naturalist  Pliny the Elder  noted that the material damaged lungs of slaves who wove it into cloth. Charlemagne, the first  Holy Roman Emperor, is said to have had a tablecloth made of asbestos. Wealthy  Persians, who bought asbestos imported over the  Hindu Kush, amazed guests by cleaning the cloth by simply exposing it to fire. According to  Biruni  in his book of  Gems, any cloths made of asbestos were called shastakeh. Some of the Persians believed the fiber was fur from an animal named  samandar that lived in fire and died when exposed to water. Some archeologists believe that ancients made shrouds of asbestos, wherein they burned the bodies of their kings, in order to preserve only their ashes, and prevent their being mixed with those of wood or other combustible materials commonly used in funeral pyres. Others assert that the ancients used asbestos to make perpetual wicks for  sepulchral  or other lamps. In more recent centuries, asbestos was indeed used for this purpose. Although asbestos causes skin to itch upon contact,  ancient literature  indicates that it was prescribed for diseases of the skin, and particularly for the itch. It is possible that they used the term  asbestos  for  alumen plumosum, because the two terms have often been confused throughout history. Asbestos became more widespread during the industrial revolution; in the 1860s it was used as insulation in the U. S. and Canada. Development of the first commercial asbestos mine began in 1879 in the  Appalachian  foothills of  Quebec. By the mid 20th century uses included fire retardant coatings, concrete, bricks, pipes and fireplace cement, heat, fire, and acid resistant gaskets, pipe insulation, ceiling insulation, fireproof drywall, flooring, roofing, lawn furniture, and drywall joint compound. Approximately 100,000 people in the United States have died, or will die, from asbestos exposure related to ship building. In the  Hampton Roads  area, a shipbuilding center,  mesothelioma occurrence is seven times the national rate. Thousands of metric tons of asbestos were used in  World War II  ships to wrap the pipes, line the boilers, and cover engine and turbine parts. There were approximately 4. 3 million shipyard workers in the United States during WWII; for every thousand workers about fourteen died of mesothelioma and an unknown number died from asbestosis. Asbestos fibers were once used in automobile  brake pads  and shoes. Since the mid-1990s, a majority of brake pads, new or replacement, have been anufactured instead with linings made of ceramic, carbon, metallic and  Aramid fiber  (Twaron  or  Kevlar—the same material used in  bullet-proof vests). Kent, the first  filtered cigarette  on the market, used crocidolite asbestos in its â₠¬Å"Micronite† filter from 1952 to 1956. The first documented death related to asbestos was in 1906. In the early 1900s researchers began to notice a large number of early deaths and lung problems in asbestos mining towns. The first diagnosis of  asbestosis  was made in England in 1924. By the 1930s, England regulated ventilation and made asbestosis an excusable work related disease, about ten years sooner than the U. S. The term  Mesothelioma  was not used in medical literature until 1931, and was not associated with asbestos until sometime in the 1940s. The United States government and asbestos industry have been criticized for not acting quickly enough to inform the public of dangers, and to reduce public exposure. In the late 1970s court documents proved that asbestos industry officials knew of asbestos dangers and tried to conceal them. In Japan, particularly after  World War II, asbestos was used in the manufacture of  ammonium sulphate  for purposes of rice production, sprayed upon the ceilings, iron skeletons, and walls of railroad cars and buildings (during the 1960s), and used for energy efficiency reasons as well. Production of asbestos in Japan peaked in 1974 and went through ups and downs until about 1990, when production began to drop severely. Commercially available roofing materials The weather proofing material is the topmost or outermost layer, exposed to the weather. Many different kinds of materials have been used as weather proofing material: †¢ Thatch  is roofing made of plant stalks in overlapping layers. †¢ Wheat  Straw, widely used in England, France and other parts of Europe. †¢ Sea grass, used in coastal areas where there are  estuaries  such as Scotland. Has a longer life than straw. Claimed to have a life in excess of 60 years. †¢ Shingles, called  shakes  in North America. Shingles  is the generic term for a roofing material that is in many overlapping sections, regardless of the nature of the material. The word is also used specifically to denote shingles made of wood. †¢ Red cedar. Life expectancy, up to 30 years. However, young growth red cedar has a short life expectancy. High cost. Should be allowed to breathe. †¢ Hardwood. Very durable roofing found in Colonial  Australian architecture, its use now limited to  restorations. †¢ Slate. High cost with a life expectancy of up to 200 years. Slate cleaves into thin sheets, making it much lighter than concrete tiles, though heavier than sheet steel and other light roof coverings. †¢ Stone slab. Heavy stone slabs (not to be confused with slate) 1†³-2†³ thick were formerly used as roofing tiles in some regions in England. Stone slabs require a very heavyweight roof structure, but their weight makes them storm proof. An obsolete roofing material. †¢ Ceramic  tile. High cost, life of more then 100 years. †¢ Imbrex and tegula, style dating back to ancient Greece and Rome. †¢ Metal shakes or shingles. Long life. High cost, suitable for roofs of 3/12 pitch or greater. Because of the flexibility of metal, they can be manufactured to lock together, giving durability and reducing assembly time. †¢ Mechanically seamed metal. Long life. High cost, suitable for roofs of low pitch such as 0. 5/12 to 3/12 pitch. †¢ Concrete, usually reinforced with fibres of some sort. Concrete tiles require a stronger roof structure than slate, as some owners have found to their cost. Asphalt shingle, made of bitumen embedded in an organic or fiberglass mat, usually covered with colored, man-made ceramic grit. Cheaper than slate or tiles. Various life span expectancies. †¢ Asbestos  shingles. Ver y long lifespan, fireproof and low cost but now rarely used because of health concerns. †¢ Membrane. Membrane roofing is in large sheets, generally fused in some way at the joints to form a continuous surface. †¢ Thermosetting plastic  (e. g. EPDM rubber). Synthetic rubber sheets adhered together with contact adhesive or tape. Primary application is big box store with large open areas and little vertical protrusions. †¢ Thermoplastic  (e. g. PVC,  TPO,  CSPE). Plastic sheets welded together with hot air creating one continuous sheet membrane. Can be rewelded with the exception of CSPE. Lends itself well to both big box and small roof application because of its hot air weld ability. †¢ Modified  bitumen  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ heat welded, asphalt adhered or installed with adhesive. Asphalt is mixed with polymers such as APP or SBS, then applied to fiberglass and/or polyester mat, seams sealed by locally melting the asphalt with heat, hot mopping of asphalt, or adhesive. Lends itself well to all applications. †¢ Built-Up Roof – Multiple plies of asphalt saturated organic felt or coated fiberglass felts. Plies of felt are adhered with hot asphalt, coal tar pitch or adhesive. Sprayed-in-Place Polyurethane Foam (SPUF) – Foam sprayed in-place on the roof, and then coated with a wide variety of coatings, or in some instances, covered with gravel. †¢ Fabric †¢ Polyester. †¢ PTFE (synthetic Fluor polymer) embedded in  fibre glass. †¢ Metal roofing. Generally a relatively inexpensive building material, unless  copper  is used. †¢ Galvanized steel  frequently manufactured with wavy corrugations to resist lateral flexing and fitted with exposed fasteners. Widely used for low cost and durability. Sheds are normally roofed with this material. Known as  Gal iron, it was the most extensively used roofing material of 20th century Australia, now replaced in popularity by steel roofing coated with an alloy of zinc and aluminum, claimed to have up to four times the life of galvanized steel. Standing-seam metal with concealed fasteners. †¢ Mechanically seamed metal with concealed fasteners contains sealant in seams for use on very low sloped roofs. †¢ Flat-seam metal with soldered seams. †¢ Glass Clear windows have been used since the invention of glass to cover small openings in a building. They provided humans with the ability to both let light into rooms while at the sam e time keeping inclement weather outside. Glass is generally made from mixtures of sand and silicates, and is very brittle. Modern glass â€Å"curtain walls† can be used to cover the entire facade of a building. Glass can also be used to span over a wide roof structure in a â€Å"space frame†. Ceramics, these are such things as tiles, fixtures, etc. Ceramics are mostly used as fixtures or coverings in buildings. Ceramic floors, walls, counter-tops, even ceilings. Many countries use ceramic roofing tiles to cover many buildings. Ceramics used to be just a specialized form of clay-pottery firing in kilns, but it has evolved into more technical areas. †¢ Foam More recently synthetic polystyrene or polyurethane foam has been used on a limited scale. It is light weight, easily shaped and an excellent insulator. It is usually used as part of a structural insulated panel where the foam is sandwiched between wood or cement. Department Profile The organization has mainly 5 departments. They are 1. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 2. FINANCE DEPARTMENT 3. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT 4. MARKETING DEPARTMENT. 5. PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT Organization chart of Human Resource Department [pic] The managing human resource in the organization is an important task. Human resource department is doing the management of human resource in the organization. Hyderabad Industries Limited follows a system in HR department that each authority coming under the General Manager (works) has to report directly to General Manager (Works) in the hierarchy. This will helps to speed up the communication flow in the organization. ORGANISATION CHART OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT Sound financial decisions have been one of the critical practices in the success of Hyderabad Industries Limited, Thrissur proper planning and long vision of the financial managers help the company to undergo to smooth sail. All monetary transactions of the company are handled and brought to account by the finance department. ORGANISATION CHART OF PURCAHSE DEPARTMENT The purchase manager is the only person who is the having the prime authority to make orders for the purchase of raw materials. After referring the stock report of raw materials and finished goods, the purchase manager purchase the raw- materials in order to ensure the continuous flow of production. ORGANISATION CHART OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The production manager and his team are responsible for realizing the visions of the company within constraints of technical possibility. This involves coordinating the operations of various production activities and maintains a good flow of work without any blockage. ORGANISATION CHART OF MARKETING DEPARTMEN Product Profile Charminar Aerocon panels. Charminar Aerocon Panel is a unique factory developed product that fulfills the following Green Building concept. †¢ Raw material contains up to 40% Fly Ash (recycled power plant waste). †¢ Excellent Thermal and Sound Insulation. †¢ A good fire rating up to 2 hrs. -Depending upon thickness. Factory cured panel -Dry construction at site. †¢ Completely re-locatable. †¢ Proven suitable for seismic and cyclone prone zones Other Benefits: †¢ Fast track construction -Tongue and groove joining system allows faster construction. †¢ Light weight -allows easy handling a nd erection. †¢ Excellent water & termite resistance. †¢ Can be given any surface finish Applications: Charminar Roofing Sheets are an ideal building material for roofing and side-cladding in: †¢ Industrial/ Power Plant Cladding †¢ Control Room †¢ Prefabricated site offices †¢ Prefabricated Houses, Canteens and Rest Rooms †¢ Partitions †¢ Police Stations †¢ School Buildings Telephone Exchanges †¢ ATM Cubicles Charminar AC roofing Sheets. Charminar AC Roofing Sheets have been the No. 1 roofing sheets of choice for more than 50 years now. Providing roofing to millions of low cost houses and to industries, commercial businesses and for several public utilities. Charminar sheets are widely known for their superior quality and durability. Special Features †¢ Strong & durable †¢ Weather-proof †¢ Less noise during rains †¢ Non-corrosive Charminar Concreted Roofing Sheets are made from Fibre, Portland cement and Binder. F ibre in these sheets acts as reinforcement like steel in RCC. These are owing to their quality, strength & durability. These are manufactured to exceed the requirements of strength specified in the relevant Indian standards. Standards †¢ IS: 459-1992 Specification for Corrugated and Semi-Corrugated Asbestos Cement Sheets. †¢ IS: 3007 – 1999 Code of practice for laying of Asbestos Cement Sheets, Part-I, Corrugated Sheets. †¢ IS: 1626 (Part3) 1994 – Roofing fittings. Applications Charminar Roofing Sheets are an ideal building material for roofing and side-cladding in: †¢ Industrial buildings of all types †¢ Food Storage Go downs †¢ Warehouses & Cold Storages †¢ Poultry farms, dairy farms and other agricultural sheds †¢ Garages, Verandahs and Outhouses †¢ Houses †¢ School buildings Public Utility Sheds †¢ Cooling Towers †¢ Cinema Halls †¢ Stadiums †¢ Railway & Bus Stations | | |CHAPTER-2 | | | |INTRODUCTION | |TO | |EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION | INTRODUCTION The project work entitled a study on employee motivation with special reference to Hyderabad Industries Ltd; Thrissur is mainly conducted to identify the factors which will motivate the employees and the organizational functions in Hyderabad Industries Ltd, Thrissur. Management’s basic job is the effective utilization of human resources for achievements of organizational objectives. The personnel management is concerned with organizing human resources in such a way to get maximum output to the enterprise and to develop the talent of people at work to the fullest satisfaction. Motivation implies that one person, in organization context a manager, includes another, say an employee, to engage in action by ensuring that a channel to satisfy those needs and aspirations becomes available to the person. In addition to this, the strong needs in a direction that is satisfying to the latent needs in employees and harness them in a manner that would be functional for the organization. Employee motivation is one of the major issues faced by every organization. It is the major task of every manager to motivate his subordinates or to create the ‘will to work’ among the subordinates. It should also be remembered that a worker may be immensely capable of doing some work; nothing can be achieved if he is not willing to work. A manager has to make appropriate use of motivation to enthuse the employees to follow them. Hence this studies also focusing on the employee motivation among the employees of Hyderabad Industries Ltd. The data needed for the study has been collected from the employees through questionnaires and through direct interviews. Analysis and interpretation has been done by using the statistical tools and data’s are presented through tables and charts. RESEARCH PROBLEM The research problem here in this study is associated with the motivation of employees of Hyderabad Industries Limited, Thrissur. There are a variety of factors that can influence a person’s level of motivation; some of these factors include 1. The level of pay and benefits, 2. The perceived fairness of promotion system within a company, 3. Quality of the working conditions, 4. Leadership and social relationships, 5. Employee recognition 6. Job security 7. Career development opportunities etc. Motivated employees are a great asset to any organisation. It is because the motivation and Job satisfaction is clearly linked. Hence this study is focusing on the employee motivation in the organisation. The research problem is formulated as follows: literature Review Rensis Likerthas called motivation as the core of management. Motivation is the core of management. Motivation is an effective instrument in the hands of the management in inspiring the work force . It is the major task of every manager to motivate his subordinate or to create the will to work among the subordinates . It should also be remembered that the worker may be immensely capable of doing some work, nothing can be achieved if he is not willing to work . creation of a will to work is motivation in simple but true sense of term. Motivation is an important function which very manager performs for actuating the people to work for accomplishment of objectives of the organization . Issuance of well conceived instructions and orders does not mean that they will be followed . A manager has to make appropriate use of motivation to enthuse the employees to follow them. Effective motivation succeeds not only in having an order accepted but also in gaining a determination to see that it is executed efficiently and effectively. In order to motivate workers to work for the organizational goals, the managers must determine the motives or needs of the workers and provide an environment in which appropriate incentives are available for their satisfaction . If the management is successful in doing so; it will also be successful in increasing the willingness of the workers to work. This will increase efficiency and effectiveness of the organization . There will be better utilization of resources and workers abilities and capacities. The concept of motivation The word motivation has been derived from motive which means any idea, need or emotion that prompts a man in to action. Whatever may be the behavior of man, there is some stimulus behind it . Stimulus is dependent upon the motive of the person concerned. Motive can be known by studying his needs and desires. There is no universal theory that can explain the factors influencing motives which control mans behavior at any particular point of time. In general, the different motives operate at different times among different people and influence their behaviors. The process of motivation studies the motives of individuals which cause different type of behavior. 2. 2 Definition of Motivation. According to Edwin B Flippo, â€Å"Motivation is the process of attempting to influence others to do their work through the possibility of gain or reward. 2. 3 Significance of Motivation Motivation involves getting the members of the group to pull weight effectively, to give their loyalty to the group, to carry out properly the purpose of the organization. The following results may be expected if the employees are properly motivated. 1. The workforce will be better satisfied if the management provides them with opportunities to fulfill their physiological and psychological needs. The workers will cooperate voluntarily with the management and will contribute their maximum towards the goals of the enterprise. 2. Workers will tend to be as efficient as possible by improving upon their skills and knowledge so that they are able to contribute to the progress of the organization. This will also result in increased productivity. 3. The rates of labor’s turnover and absenteeism among the workers will be low. 4. There will be good human relations in the organization as friction among the workers themselves and between the workers and the management will decrease. 5. The number of complaints and grievances will come down. Accident will also be low. 6. There will be increase in the quantity and quality of products. Wastage and scrap will be less. Better quality of products will also increase the public image of the business. 2. 4 Motivation Process. 1. Identification of need 2. Tension 3. Course of action 4. Result –Positive/Negative 5. Feed back 2. 5 Theories of Motivation. Understanding what motivated employees and how they were motivated was the focus of many researchers following the publication of the Hawthorne study results (Terpstra, 1979). Six major approaches that have led to our understanding of motivation are Mcclelland’s Achievement Need Theory, Behavior Modification theory; Abraham H Mallows need hierarchy or Deficient theory of motivation. J. S. Adam’s Equity Theory, Vrooms Expectation Theory, Two factor Theory. McClelland’s Achievement Need Theory. According to McClelland’s there are three types of needs; Need for Achievement (n Ach); This need is the strongest and lasting motivating factor. Particularly in case of persons who satisfy the other needs. They are constantly pre occupied with a desire for improvement and lack for situation in which successful outcomes are directly correlated with their efforts. They set more difficult but achievable goals for themselves because success with easily achievable goals hardly provides a sense of achievement. Need for Power (n Pow) It is the desire to control the behavior of the other people and to manipulate the surroundings. Power motivations positive applications results in domestic leadership style, while it negative application tends autocratic style. Need for affiliation (n Aff) It is the related to social needs and creates friendship. This results in formation of informal groups or social circle. Behavioral Modification Theory; According to this theory people behavior is the outcome of favorable and unfavorable past circumstances. This theory is based on learning theory. Skinner conducted his researches among rats and school children. He found that stimulus for desirable behavior could be strengthened by rewarding it at the earliest. In the industrial situation, this relevance of this theory may be found in the installation of financial and non financial incentives. More immediate is the reward and stimulation or it motivates it. Withdrawal of reward incase of low standard work may also produce the desired result. However, researches show that it is generally more effective to reward desired behavior than to punish undesired behavior. Abraham H Maslow Need Hierarchy or Deficient theory of Motivation. The intellectual basis for most of motivation thinking has been provided by behavioral scientists, A. H Maslow and Frederick Heizberg, whose published works are the â€Å"Bible of Motivation†. Although Maslow himself did not apply his theory to industrial situation, it has wide impact for beyond academic circles. Douglous Mac Gregor has used Maslow’s theory to interpret specific problems in personnel administration and industrial relations. The crux of Maslow’s theory is that human needs are arranged in hierarchy composed of five categories. The lowest level needs are physiological and the highest levels are the self actualization needs. Maslow starts with the formation that man is a wanting animal with a hierarchy of needs of which some are lower ins scale and some are in a higher scale or system of values. As the lower needs are satisfied, higher needs emerge. Higher needs cannot be satisfied unless lower needs are fulfilled. A satisfied need is not a motivator. This resembles the standard economic theory of diminishing returns. The hierarchy of needs at work in the individual is today a routine tool of personnel trade and when these needs are active, they act as powerful conditioners of behavior- as Motivators. Hierarchy of needs; the main needs of men are five. They are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, ego needs and self actualization needs, as shown in order of their importance. Fig (2. 1) The above five basic needs are regarded as striving needs which make a person do things. The first model indicates the ranking of different needs. The second is more helpful in indicating how the satisfaction of the higher needs is based on the satisfaction of lower needs. It also shows how the number of person who has experienced the fulfillment of the higher needs gradually tapers off. Physiological or Body Needs: – The individual move up the ladder responding first to the physiological needs for nourishment, clothing and shelter. These physical needs must be equated with pay rate, pay practices and to an extent with physical condition of the job. Safety: – The next in order of needs is safety needs, the need to be free from danger, either from other people or from environment. The individual want to assured, once his bodily needs are satisfied, that they are secure and will continue to be satisfied for foreseeable feature. The safety needs may take the form of job security, security against disease, misfortune, old age etc as also against industrial injury. Such needs are generally met by safety laws, measure of social security, protective labor laws and collective agreements. Social needs: – Going up the scale of needs the individual feels the desire to work in a cohesive group and develop a sense of belonging and identification with a group. He feels the need to love and be loved and the need to belong and be identified with a group. In a large organization it is not easy to build up social relations. However close relationship can be built up with at least some fellow workers. Every employee wants too feel that he is wanted or accepted and that he is not an alien facing a hostile group. Ego or Esteem Needs: – These needs are reflected in our desire for status and recognition, respect and prestige in the work group or work place such as is conferred by the recognition of ones merit by promotion, by participation in management and by fulfillment of workers urge for self expression. Some of the needs relate to ones esteem e. g. ; need for achievement, self confidence, knowledge, competence etc. On the job, this means praise for a job but more important it means a feeling by employee that at all times he has the respect of his supervisor as a person and as a contributor to the organizational goals. Self realization or Actualization needs: – This upper level need is one which when satisfied provide insights to support future research regarding strategic guidance for organization that are both providing and using reward/recognition programs makes the employee give up the dependence on others or on the environment. He becomes growth oriented, self oriented, directed, detached and creative. This need reflects a state defined in terms of the extent to which an individual attains his personnel goal. This is the need which totally lies within oneself and there is no demand from any external situation or person. J. S Adams Equity Theory Employee compares her/his job inputs outcome ratio with that of reference. If the employee perceives inequity, she/he will act to correct the inequity: lower productivity, reduced quality, increased absenteeism, voluntary resignation. Vrooms Expectation Theory Vroom’s theory is based on the belief that employee effort will lead to performance and performance will lead to rewards (Vroom, 1964). Reward may be either positive or negative. The more positive the reward the more likely the employee will be highly motivated. Conversely, the more negative the reward the less likely the employee will be motivated. Two Factor Theory Douglas McGregor introduced the theory with the help of two views; X assumptions are conservative in style Assumptions are modern in style. X Theory †¢ Individuals inherently dislike work. †¢ People must be coerced or controlled to do work to achieve the objectives. †¢ People prefer to be directed Y Theory †¢ People view work as being as natural as play and rest †¢ People will exercise self direction and control towards achieving objectives they are committed to †¢ People learn to accept and seek responsibility. 2. 6 Types of Motivation. Intrinsic motivation occurs when people are internally motivated to do something because it either brings them pleasure, they think it is important, or they feel that what they are learning is morally significant. Extrinsic motivation comes into play when a student is compelled to do something or act a certain way because of factors external to him or her (like money or good grades) 2. 7 Incentives An incentive is something which stimulates a person towards some goal. It activates human needs and creates the desire to work. Thus, an incentive is a means of motivation. In organizations, increase in incentive leads to better performance and vice versa. Need for Incentives Man is a wanting animal. He continues to want something or other. He is never fully satisfied. If one need is satisfied, the other need need arises. In order to motivate the employees, the management should try to satisfy their needs. For this purpose, both financial and non financial incentives may be used by the management to motivate the workers. Financial incentives or motivators are those which are associated with money. They include wages and salaries, fringe benefits, bonus, retirement benefits etc. Non financial motivators are those which are not associated with monetary rewards. They include intangible incentives like ego-satisfaction, self-actualization and responsibility. INCENTIVES Financial Incentives Non-financial incentives – Wages and Salaries. – Competition – Bonus – Group recognition – Medical reimbursement – Job security – Insurance – Praise – Housing facility – Knowledge of result – Retirement benefits. – Workers participation. – Suggestion system. – Opportunities for growth 2. 8 Motivation is the key to performance improvement There is an old saying you can take a horse to the water but you cannot force it to drink; it will drink only if it’s thirsty – so with people. They will do what they want to do or otherwise motivated to do. Whether it is to excel on the workshop floor or in the ‘ivory tower’ they must be motivated or driven to it, either by themselves or through external stimulus. Are they born with the self-motivation or drive? Yes and no. If no, they can be motivated, for motivation is a skill which can and must be learnt. This is essential for any business to survive and succeed. Performance is considered to be a function of ability and motivation, thus: †¢ Job performance =f(ability)(motivation) Ability in turn depends on education, experience and training and its improvement is a slow and long process. On the other hand motivation can be improved quickly. There are many options and an uninitiated manager may not even know where to start. As a guideline, there are broadly seven strategies for motivation. There are broadly seven strategies for motivation. †¢ Positive reinforcement / high expectations †¢ Effective discipline and punishment †¢ Treating people fairly †¢ Satisfying employees needs †¢ Setting work related goals †¢ Restructuring jobs †¢ Base rewards on job performance Essentially, there is a gap between an individual’s actual state and some desired state and the manager tries to reduce this gap. Motivation is, in effect, a means to reduce and manipulate this gap. | | |CHAPTER-3 | |RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study is intended to evaluate motivation of employees in the organization. A good motivational program procedure is essential to achieve goal of the organization. If efficient motivational programmes of employees are made not only in this particular organization but also any other organization; the organizations can achieve the efficiency also to develop a good organizational culture. Motivation has variety of effects. These effects may be seen in the context of an individual’s physical and mental health, productivity, absenteeism and turnover. Employee delight has to be managed in more than one way. This helps in retaining and nurturing the true believers â€Å"who can deliver value to the organization. Proliferating and nurturing the number of â€Å"true believers† [1]is the challenge for future and present HR managers. This means innovation and creativity. It also means a change in the gear for HR polices and practices. The faster the organizations nurture their employees, the more successful they will be. The challenge before HR managers today is to delight their employees and nurture their creativity to keep them a bloom. This study helps the researcher to realize the importance of effective employee motivation. This research study examines types and levels of employee motivational programmes and also discusses management ideas that can be utilized to innovate employee motivation. It helps to provide insights to support future research regarding strategic guidance for organizations that are both providing and using reward/recognition programs Objectives of the study Primary objective 1. To study the important factors which are needed to motivate the employees. Secondary Objective. 1. To study the effect of monetary and non-monetary benefits provided by the organization on the employee’s performance. 2. To study the effect of job promotions on employees. 3. To learn the employee’s satisfaction on the interpersonal relationship exists in the organization. To provide the practical suggestion for the improvement of organization’s performance Research methodology. Research is a systematic method of finding solutions to problems. It is essentially an investigation, a recording and an analysis of evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge. According to Clifford woody, â€Å"research comprises of defining and redefining problem, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, reaching conclusions, testing conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis†[2] Sampling Design. A sample design is a finite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. Simple random sampling is used for this study. Universe. The universe chooses for the research study is the employees of Hyderabad Industries Ltd. Sample Size. Number of the sampling units selected from the population is called the size of the sample. Sample of 50 respondents were obtained from the population. Sampling Procedure. The procedure adopted in the present study is probability sampling, which is also known as chance sampling. Under this sampling design, every item of the frame has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample. Methods of Data Collection. The data’s were collected through Primary and secondary sources. 1. Primary Sources. Primary data are in the form of â€Å"raw material† to which statistical methods are applied for the purpose of analysis and interpretations. The primary sources are discussion with employees, data’s collected through questionnaire. 2. Secondary Sources. Secondary data’s are in the form of finished products as they have already been treated statistically in some form or other. The secondary data mainly consists of data and information collected from records, company websites and also discussion with the management of the organization. Secondary data was also collected from journals, magazines and books. 3. Nature of Research. Descriptive research, also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what, where, when and how. Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what caused a situation. Thus, descriptive research cannot be used to create a causal relationship, where one variable affects another. In other words, descriptive research can be said to have a low requirement for internal validity. 4. Questionnaire. A well defined questionnaire that is used effectively can gather information on both overall performance of the test system as well as information on specific components of the system. A defeated questionnaire was carefully prepared and specially numbered. The questions were arranged in proper order, in accordance with the relevance. 5. Nature of Questions Asked. The questionnaire consists of open ended, dichotomous, rating and ranking questions. Pre-testing A pre-testing of questionnaire was conducted with 10 questionnaires, which were distributed and all of them were collected back as completed questionnaire. On the basis of doubts raised by the respondents the questionnaire was redialed to its present form. Sample A finite subset of population, selected from it with the objective of investigating its properties called a sample. A sample is a representative part of the population. A sample of 50 respondents in total has been randomly selected. The response to various elements under each questions were totaled for the purpose of various statistical testing. Variables of the Study. The direct variable of the study is the employee motivation Indirect variables are the incentives, interpersonal relations, career development opportunities and performance appraisal system.